Problem 9. Girls and Boys

In a village, every child is born a girl with probability \(0.5\) and is born a boy with probability \(0.5\). In this village, every family keeps giving birth to children until the last child is a girl. What will be the ratio of the population of girls and boys in this village?
Link to the problem on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Riazi_Cafe/status/1674023738541498368
. The ratio of girls and boys will be equal.
With this strategy, the number of girls in each family will be exactly 1. The number of boys is equal to:
zero with a probability of 1/2,
one with a probability of 1/4,
two with a probability of 1/8,
and in general \(i\) with probability \(2^{-i-1}\).
Let us denote this value by \(p\). Therefore we have \(p = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} 2^{-i-1}\) and thus \[2p - (\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} + ...) = p.\] Notice that the value inside the parenthesis is equal to 1, and therefore the value of \(p\) will also be equal to 1.
Link to the solution on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Riazi_Cafe/status/1674756017924579328